Enchantments, often shortened to Enchants, are special abilities that can be applied to any piece of Armoror certain tools whilst using an Enchantment Table. When a piece of armor or a tool is enchanted, It will glow, much like a potion, allowing the holder (and anybody else) to see that the item is enchanted. It is also to be noted that an enchanted item will display any current enchantments and their level of strength on the item if examined in the inventory. Using the Enchantment Table method only allows the player to enchant all Armors,Shovels, Pickaxes, Axes, Swords and the Bow.
Many more items are able to be enchanted, however, this can only be done with an Anvil and an Enchanted Book. This implementation is very useful, especially for enchanting other items with durability or items that would not normally get a certain enchantment. A few options of book enchanting are the Flint and Steel,Fishing Rod, or Hoe.
Enchanting a Book will create an Enchanted Book with a random enchantment stored in it. Books can absorb any enchantment that the Enchantment Table can bestow, but the book itself will not be able to use the enchantment (ie: Sharpness, Knockback). In order to make use of an Enchanted Book you need an Anvil, place the item you wish to enchant and the Enchanted Book in the Anvil. The book will be consumed and the item will (if compatible) receive the enchantment that the book had stored. This method is often ideal if one has an Anvil.
Here you can find all the enchantment IDs for Minecraft.
To use these in game simply type /enchant
Armour
0 Protection
1 Fire Protection
2 Feather Falling
3 Blast Protection
4 Projectile Protection
5 Respiration
6 Aqua Affinity
7 Thorns
34 Unbreaking
Weapons
16 Sharpness
17 Smite
18 Bane Of Arthropods
19 Knockback
20 Fire Aspect
21 Looting
34 Unbreaking
Tools
32 Efficiency
33 Silk Touch
34 Unbreaking
35 Fortune
Bows
48 Power
49 Punch
50 Flame
51 Infinity
you forgot the fishing rod enchantments!